Notes
Introduction — The Starting Line
1. Quoted in Leslie Savan, "The Biggest Party Ever!" Working Woman, Jan. 1991, 72.
2. The survey was conducted through telephone interviews in 1989 and 1990 and was commissioned by the Graduate School of the City University of New York. Reported by David E. Anderson, United Press International religion writer, in "Survey Shows Americans a Religious People," wire story released 3 April 1991; National & International Religion Report 5, no. 8, 8 April 1991, 8; Ari L. Goldman, "Portrait of Religion in U.S. Holds Dozens of Surprises," New York Times, 10 April 1991, pt. A, p. 1.
3. "Are You a DINK or an OINK?" Signs of the Times, April 1991, 7.
Chapter 1 — Keeping Up with the Joneses
1. Cited in Richard P. Olson and Joe H. Leonard, Jr. Ministry With Families in Flux: The Church and Changing Patterns of Life (Louisville, KY: Westminster / John Knox, 1990), 4.
2. Frank Tillapaugh, "Transformative Leadership in the '90s," audiotape of talk presented at "Take Hold of the '90s," a conference in Ventura, Calif., sponsored by Gospel Light Publications, 2 May 1990.
3. Felicity Barringer, "Census Data Show Sharp Rural Losses," New York Times 30 Aug. 1990, pt. A, p. 1; Felicity Barringer, "What America Did After the War: A Tale Told by the Census," New York Times, 2 Sept. 1990, pt. E, p. 1.
4. Gary Farley, "The Death and Life of Rural America," Joint Strategy and Action Committee Grapevine 20, no. 9 (April 1989): np.
5. John Naisbitt and Patricia Aburdene, Megatrends 2000: Ten New Directions for the 1990s (New York: Morrow, 1990), 305.
6. William D. Gwinn, interview with author, Palm Springs, California, 16 December 1990.
7. Quoted in William Dunn, "For Some Urban Escapees, Commuting Becomes Career," USA Today, 12 Dec. 1990, pt. A, p. 11.
8. Ibid.
9. Elmer Towns, "The Sunday School in the Future," audiotape of talk
Page 324
presented at "Take Hold of the '90s," a conference in Ventura, Calif., sponsored by Gospel Light Publications, 1 May 1990.
10. Barringer, "What America Did After the War"; Judith Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century When . . ." American Demographics, Dec. 1990, 27.
11. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 27.
12. "Population Growth and Shrinkage," Adweek, 11 Sept. 1989, 42; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
13. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 178, 201.
14. Kevin Roderick, "Californians: 30 Million and Counting," Los Angeles Times, 16 May 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
15. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 202-203.
16. Roderick, "Californians: 30 Million and Counting," 1.
17. Russell Chandler, "Californians: Spiritual but Not Conventional," Progressions, A Lilly Endowment Occasional Report 2, no. 1 (1990): 8-10.
18. Phillip E. Hammond, interview with author, Santa Barbara, California, 23 June 1989.
19. George Barna, The Frog in the Kettle: What Christians Need to Know About Life in the Year 2000 (Ventura, California, Regal, 1990), 185-87.
20. Cited in Barringer, "Census Data Show Sharp Rural Losses." Data from the Immigration and Naturalization Service and analysis by the Urban Institute in Washington, D.C.
21. Quoted in National & International Religion Report 3, no. 20 (1989).
22. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 27.
23. Frederick Rose, "The Second Century — California Babel: The City of the Future Is a Troubling Prospect if It's to Be Los Angeles," Wall Street Journal, 12 June 1989.
24. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 23.
Chapter 2 — The Minority Majority
1. See Russell Chandler, "A Home for Diverse Faiths: A Stroll Around Downtown L.A. Shows off its Ubiquitous Houses of Worship," Los Angeles Times, 11 Aug. 1990, pt. F, p. 16.
2. "Ministry Strategy in the Los Angeles District for the 21st Century," United Methodist Reporter 135, no. 49 (1989).
3. According to a report from the Center for the Continuing Study of the California Economy; cited in Itabari Njeri, "The World State: Californians Come From Just About Everywhere, Census Shows," Los Angeles Times, 13 Jan. 1991, pt. E, p. 8.
4. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 23-27.
5. Tom Sine, "Shifting Into the Future Tense," Christianity Today, 17 Nov. 1989, 21.
6. Barna, The Frog in the Kettle, 186.
7. Context: A Commentary on the Interaction of Religion and Culture, 15 Nov. 1989, 3.
8. Ibid.
9. William Dunn, "Asians Build New Lives as Immigrants," USA Today, 26 Nov. 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
Page 325
10. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 23-27; Barringer, "What America Did After the War," 1; Dunn, "Asians Build New Lives as Immigrants."
11. Robert Pear, "Rich Got Richer in 80's; Others Held Even," New York Times, 10 Jan. 1991, pt. A, p. 1.
12. Cited in Pear, "Rich Got Richer," 1.
13. Cited in Tom Sine, Wild Hope (Dallas: Word, 1991), 140.
14. Sine, Wild Hope, 142.
15. Quoted in Jack Jones, "Slouching Toward the Millennium: Prognostications, Prophecies and Just Plain Guesses About What the Last Decade of the 20th Century Will Bring," Los Angeles Times Magazine, 24 Dec. 1989, 8.
16. Bob Fryling, telephone interview with author, 24 April 1989.
17. Alvin Toffler, Powershift: Knowledge, Wealth, and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Century (New York: Bantam, 1990), 249-50.
18. Ibid.
19. Father Eugene Hemrick, telephone interview with the author, 21 April 1989.
20. George Gallup, Jr. and Jim Castelli, The People's Religion: American Faith in the 90's. (New York: Macmillan, 1989), 119-20.
21. Barringer, "What America Did After the War," 1.
22. John H. Townsend, "The State of the Church — 1989," First Baptist News, 8 May 1989, 3; Townsend, interview with author, 30 August 1989. The First Baptist Church of Los Angeles is a member of the American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A.
Chapter 3 — Gauges of Ages
1. Quoted in Wade Clark Roof, "The Spirit of the Elderculture," Christian Century, 16-23 May 1990, 530.
2. Joseph F. Coates and Jennifer Jarratt, "What Futurists Believe," Futurist, Nov.-Dec. 1990, 24.
3. Jerry Gerber et al., Lifetrends: The Future of Baby Boomers and Other Aging Americans (New York: Macmillan, 1989), 8.
4. Sine, Wild Hope, 143.
5. David M. Gross and Sophfronia Scott, "Proceeding With Caution," Time, 16 July 1990, 57.
6. Shari Roan, "How Long Can We Live?" Los Angeles Times, 4 Dec. 1990, pt E, p. 1; Erik Eckholm, "An Aging Nation Grapples With Caring for the Frail," New York Times, 27 March 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
7. Ibid.
8. "21st Century Family," Newsweek, Winter/Spring 1990, 24-34, 48-49.
9. Richard D. Lamm, "Again, Age Beats Youth," New York Times 2 Dec. 1990.
10. Gerber et al., Lifetrends, 48-49, 51.
11. Tamar Lewin, "As Alertness Outlives Vigor, New Kinds of Care for the Old," New York Times, 2 Dec. 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
12. Ibid.; Tamar Lewin, "Strategies to Let Elderly Keep Some Control," New York Times, 28 March 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
13. Ibid.
14. Marsha Fowler, interview with author, 8 Jan. 1991.
15. Linda Hager Timberlake, "How's Your Health? Check on It at Church," Presbyterian Survey, Jan./Feb. 1991, 22.
Page 326
16. Patricia Leigh Brown, "For Some, 'Retired' Is an Inaccurate Label," New York Times, 29 Nov. 1990, pt. B, p. 1.
17. Ibid.
18. George Gallup, Jr. and Jim Castelli, "Gallup Religion Poll: Older Americans Among the Most Religiously Active," Los Angeles Times Syndicate, 16 June 1989.
19. Sine, "Shifting Into the Future Tense," 21.
20. Elmer Towns, Ten of Today's Most Innovative Churches (Ventura, Calif.: Regal, 1991), 179.
21. Brown, "For Some, 'Retired' Is an Inaccurate Label," 1.
22. Michael Kiernan, "Best Jobs for the Future," U.S. News & World Report, 25 Sept 1989, 60.
23. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 232-33.
24. Paul C. Light, Baby Boomers (New York: Norton, 1988), 9.
25. James F. Engel, "We Are the World," Christianity Today, 24 Sept. 1990, 32.
26. Roof, "Spirit of the Elderculture," 530.
27. Diane Huie Balay, "National Gathering Finds Singles 'Mission Field' for Every Church," United Methodist Reporter, 10 Aug. 1990; George Barna, "Future Issues Affecting the Evangelical Press," audiotape of talk presented at the Evangelical Press Association, 7 May 1990, Colorado Springs, Colorado.
28. Gerber et al., Lifetrends, 14-36.
29. Wade Clark Roof, cited in Kenneth A. Briggs, "Baby Boomers: Boom or Bust for the Churches? Progressions 2, no. 1 (Jan. 1990): 5-6; Kenneth L. Woodward, "A Time to Seek: With Babes in Arms and Doubts in Mind, a Generation Looks to Religion," Newsweek, 17 December 1990, 51.
30. Wade Clark Roof, "Return of the Baby Boomers to Organized Religion," Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches 1990, Publication of the National Council of Churches, ed. Constant H. Jacquet, Jr. (Nashville: Abingdon), 284-88.
31. Wade Clark Roof, telephone interview with author, 12 May 1989.
32. Mark Wingfield, "New Churches Key to Denomination's Future," California Southern Baptist, 8 March 1990, 1.
33. Kenneth L. Woodward, "Young Beyond Their Years," Newsweek, Winter/Spring 1990, 54.
34. Sine, Wild Hope, 160.
35. Gross and Scott, "Proceeding With Caution," 62.
36. Felicity Barringer, "What Is Youth Coming To?" New York Times, Week in Review, 19 Aug. 1990, pt. 4, p. 1.
37. Ibid.
38. "Church Attendance and Other Polls," Yearbook of Churches 1990, 292.
39. George Barna, "Youth Ministry in Successful Churches," from a news release from the Barna Research Group, Glendale, Calif., April 1990.
Chapter 4 — The Information Age
1. Toffler, Powershift, 20. Emphasis added.
2. James D. Meindl, ed., Brief Lessons in High Technology: Understanding the End of This Century to Capitalize on the Next (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Alumni Association, 1989) xi-xii.
3. Sine, Wild Hope, 125.
Page 327
4. Jacques Ellul, The Technological Bluff (Grand Rapids: Mich.: Eerdmans, 1990).
5. Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business (New York: Penguin, 1986), 157.
6. Julie Amparano Lopez and Mary Lu Carnevale, "Glassed Houses: Fiber Optics Promises a Revolution of Sorts, if the Sharks Don't Bite," Wall Street Journal, 10 July 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
7. Meindl, Brief Lessons, 31-61.
8. Toffler, Powershift, 139.
9. Barna Research Group, news release, Nov. 1989; Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 62.
10. Cecilio Morales, "This 'Electronic Church' Has No Walls," United Methodist Reporter, 24 Aug. 1990, 5.
11. "Christian Career-Matching Software Introduced," EP News Service, 17 Aug. 1990, 6.
12. Richard N. Ostling, "Many Are Called," Time 27 Feb. 1989, 79.
13. "Television of the Future," Newsweek, 4 April 1988, 62-63.
14. Lopez and Carnevale, "Glassed Houses," 1.
15. Sine, Wild Hope, 47.
16. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 26.
17. Edmund L. Andrews, "F.C.C. Proposes a TV System That Interacts With Viewers," New York Times, 11 Jan. 1991, pt. A, p. 1.
18. Meindl, Brief Lessons, 37.
19. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 59; Carla Lazzareschi, "Enough With the Gadgets," Los Angeles Times, 22 Aug. 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
20. Rose, "California Babel."
21. Sine, Wild Hope, 48.
22. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 26.
23. Kiernan, "Best Jobs for the Future," 60.
24. Timothy D. Schellhardt and Carol Hymowitz, "Economy — the Second Century: U.S. Manufacturers Gird for Competition," Wall Street Journal 2 May 1989.
25. Mark R. Cutkosky, "Robotics: A Dream as Old as Antiquity," in Meindl, Brief Lessons; William J. Broad, "Proliferation of Sophisticated Robots Opens a New Age of Ocean Exploration," New York Times, 13 Nov. 1990, pt. B, p. 5.
26. From Gail Collins and Dan Collins, The Millennium Book (New York: Doubleday, 1991); cited in Working Woman, Jan. 1991, 74.
27. Cited in "Events and People," Christian Century, 19-26 Dec. 1990, 1192.
28. Sine, Wild Hope, 59.
29. Richard Saul Wurman, Information Anxiety: What to Do When Information Doesn't Tell You What You Need to Know (New York: Bantam, 1990), 158.
30. William A. Durbin, Jr., "Ramifications of Artificial Intelligence," Christianity Today, 4 April 1986, 48-49.
31. Peter D. Moore, "Networks That Mimic Thinking," Los Angeles Times, 29 Aug. 1990. pt. D. p. 3.
32. Philip Elmer-Dewitt, "In Search of Artificial Life," Time, 6 Aug. 1990, 64.
33. Ibid.; Garry Abrams, "Bugs With Byte," Los Angeles Times, 21 Sept. 1990, pt. E, p. 1.
Page 328
34. "Artificial Intelligence: Will Computers Affect Our Relationship With God?" an interview with Dr. David Barnard, Spirit! issue date unknown, 38.
35. Bill Bright, "A Potent Threat to Christianity," Worldwide Challenge, May/June 1986, 66.
36. Meindl, Brief Lessons, 38.
37. Richard C. Atkinson, quoted in Jones, "Slouching toward the Millennium," 8.
38. Malcolm W. Browne, "New Directions in Physics: Back in time," New York Times, 22 Aug. 1990, pt. B, p. 5.
39. Michael D. Lemonick, "Bang! A Big Theory May Be Shot," Time, 14 Jan. 1991, 63; John Noble Wilford, "Astronomers' New Data Jolt Vital Part of Big Bang Theory," New York Times, 3 Jan. 1991, pt. A, p. 1.
Chapter 5 — Bioethics
1. A. James Rudin, "News from the American Jewish Committee," news release, Institute of Human Relations, New York, 13 April 1989.
2. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 241.
3. Willard Gaylin, "Fooling With Mother Nature," Hastings Center Report, Jan./Feb. 1990, 18.
4. Martin E. Marty, "A Special Issue: the Human Genome Project," in Context: A Commentary on the Interaction of Religion and Culture 22, no. 21 (1990): 3.
5. Fay Angus, interview with author, 7 Dec. 1990.
6. Genesis 16. See also Genesis 30 for a reference to Rachel offering her maidservant to her husband, Jacob, to produce an offspring.
7. Carol Lawson, "Couples' Own Embryos Used in Birth Surrogacy," New York Times, 12 Aug., 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
8. Fay Angus, "The Promise and Perils of Genetic Meddling," Christianity Today; 8 May 1981, 27.
9. Ibid.
10. Shari Roan, "Ethics and the Science of Birth," Los Angeles Times, 8 Dec. 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
11. Quoted in ibid.
12. Matt Clark, Marianna Gosness and Mary Hager, "Should Medicine Use the Unborn?" Newsweek, 14 Sept. 1987, 62-63.
13. Quoted in Andrew Simons, "Brave New Harvest" Christianity Today, 19 Nov. 1990, 25.
14. Quoted in Andrew H. Malcolm, "Giving Death a Hand: Rending Issue," New York Times, 9 June 1990.
15. Otto Friedrich, "A Limited Right to Die," Time, 9 July 1990, 59.
16. Jerry Nachtigal, Associated Press, Oregonian, 27 Dec. 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
17. "Sad Farewells for Young Woman Starting on Road to Death," New York Times, 16 Dec. 1990.
18. Cited in Robert Steinbrook, "Support Grows for Euthanasia," Los Angeles Times, 19 April 1991, pt A., p. 1.
19. Andrew H. Malcolm, "Judge Allows Removal of Woman's Feeding Tube," New York Times, 15 Dec. 1990, pt. A., p. 1.
20. Ibid.
21. Marsha Fowler, telephone interview with author, 7 Jan. 1991.
Page 329
22. "Don't Jump into Designer Genes," Christian Science Monitor, 24 April 1988. 15.
23. Ian Barbour, Religion in an Age of Science: The Gifford Lectures 1989-1991, vol. 1 (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1990), 215.
24. J. Madeleine Nash, "A Bumper Crop of Biotech," Time, 1 October 1990, 92.
25. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 251.
26. Collins and Collins, Millennium Book. 74.
27. Ibid., 257.
28. Marty, "A Special Issue," 1.
28. Ann Lammers and Ted Peters, "Genethics: Implications of the Human Genome Initiative," Christian Century, 3 Oct. 1990, 871.
30. W. French Anderson, "Genetics and Human Malleability," Hastings Center Report 20, no. 1 (1990): 24.
31. Fowler, interview with author.
32. Andrew Pollack, "Living Cells Enter Commerce; Now, Who Has a Claim to Profits?" New York Times, 12 Aug, 1990, pt. E, p. 6.
33. Owen Thomas, "Ethics Tries to Keep Pace With Medical Technology," Christian Science Monitor, 29 March 1988, p. 1.
35. Sine, Wild Hope, 57.
36. Pat Robertson, The New Millennium (Dallas: Word, 1990), 217; Angus, author interview; Michael W. Miller, "The Second Century — Digital Revolution," Wall Street Journal, 7 June 1989.
37. R.Z. Sheppard, "Splendor in the Grass," Time, 3 Sept. 1990, 78.
38. Angus, author interview.
39. Lammers and Peters, "Genethics," 869.
40. Richard Spencer, interview with author, 7 Dec. 1990.
41. Katherine Bouton, "Painful Decisions: The Role of the Medical Ethicist," New York Times Magazine, 5 Aug. 1990, 25.
42. Proverbs 9:10
Chapter 6 — Earth
1. Quoted in "UM Leader Says Creation Testifies to Grace of God," United Methodist Reporter, 2 March 1990, 4.
2. Genesis 1:28-29 KJV
3. Thomas Berry, "Earth Day 1990," Creation 6, no. 2 (1990):10.
4. Quoted in Russell Chandler, "Religions Join the Crusade to Save Earth From Pollution," Los Angeles Times, 19 April 1990, pt. A, p. 3.
5. David R. Brower, quoted in Jones, "Slouching Toward the Millennium," 8.
6. Cited in Only One Earth, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations, New York, March 1990.
7. Article by Gregg Easterbrook in New Republic, cited by Fred Barnes in "Media Issues of the '90s: Barnes Looks Ahead for EPA Gathering," World, 19 May 1990, 8; Sine, Wild Hope, 23.
8. Robertson, New Millennium, 233.
9. Jones, "Slouching Toward the Millennium."
10. Donald Woutat, "Substitute Car Fuels: a Tank Full of Choices," Los Angeles Times, 22 Aug. 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
Page 330
11. Sine, Wild Hope, 32.
12. Ibid., 26.
13. Only One Earth, UNEP.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Quoted in Sheppard, "Splendor in the Grass."
17. Ad in Time, 4 Feb. 1991. The Environmental Challenge Fund, Radio City Station, P.O. Box 1138, New York 10101-1138. Uses contributions for recycling and scholarships for environmental education.
18. Zondervan Publishing House, as cited in Evangelical Press News Service, 7 Dec. 1990, 12.
19. Leslie Whitaker, "Black, White and Green All Over," Time, 14 January 1991, 47.
20. Kathie Durbin and Paul Koberstein, "Forests in Distress," Special Report, Oregonian, 15 Oct. 1990.
21. Robertson, New Millennium, 230.
22. Only One Earth, UNEP
23. "Saving Our Soil, Saving Our Earth," Neighbors, Fall 1990, 4-5.
24. Only One Earth, UNEP.
25. Toffler, Powershift, 312.
26. Only One Earth, UNEP.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Sine, Wild Hope, 27-28.
30. William J. Broad, "A Mountain of Trouble," New York Times Magazine, 18 Nov. 1990, pt. 6, p. 37.
31. Ibid.
32. Robert Tomsho, "Indian Tribes Contend With Some of Worst of America's Pollution," Wall Street Journal, 29 Nov. 1990, 1.
33. Chandler, "Religions Join the Crusade."
34. Ibid.
35. William Bole, "Environment Chief Calls for 'Spiritual Vision' of Conservation," Religious News Service, 25 Jan. 1990.
36. "Global Forum on Environment and Development for Survival," Summary Report, South Coast Air Quality Management District, 3 Feb. 1990.
37. Frederick H. Borsch, "Our Fragile Island Home," Episcopal News, April 1990.
38. Mike Hamer and Nathaniel Mead, "Finding Heaven on Earth," New Age Journal, March / April 1990, 49.
39. Berit Kjos, "Earth Day 1990," Focus on the Family, April 1990, 11.
40. Martin Marty, Context, 1 July 1990, 4.
41. Dean Ohlman, telephone interview with author, 18 April 1990; "A Christian voice for the Environment," news release, 1 March 1990.
Chapter 7 — Designer Lifestyles
1. Tillapaugh, "Transformative Leadership."
2. Quoted in Russell Chandler, "Analysts See Evangelical Growth, Catholic Strength in the 1990s," Los Angeles Times, 23 Dec. 1989, pt. S, p. 1.
3. Ibid.
4. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 41, 163.
Page 331
5. Ibid., 34.
6. Chandler, "Analysts See Evangelical Growth," 1.
7. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 83; Stuart Silverstein, "Tracking Life in the Fast Lane," Los Angeles Times, 30 April 1990, pt. A, p. 1
8. Silverstein, "Tracking Life in the Fast Lane," 1.
9. Barna, "Future Issues."
10. Richard Zoglin, "Is TV Ruining Our Children?" Time, 15 Oct. 1990, 75.
11. Silverstein, "Tracking Life in the Fast Lane."
12. Quoted in Ron Alexander, "The Face and Fashions for the 90's" New York Times (Life Style), 25 June 1989, 35.
13. Ibid.
14. Jones, "Slouching Toward the Millennium," 8.
15. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 133.
16. Jones, "Slouching Toward the Millennium," 8.
17. Alexander, "The Face and Fashions for the 90's," 35.
18. Quoted in David Briggs, "Religious Groups Join to Lobby for the Common Good," Associated Press series, "Unholy Wars: Religion in Public Life," no. IV; 20 Dec. 1990.
19. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 158.
20. Fryling, author interview.
21. Mark Cutshall, interview with author, 21 Dec. 1990.
22. Robertson, New Millennium, 198.
23. Interview with George Gallup, Jr., in "Tracking America's Soul," Christianity Today, 17 Nov. 1989, 25.
24. Cited in transcript of sermon by George F. Regas, vicar, All Saints Episcopal Church, Pasadena, California, 11 Nov. 1990, p. 2.
25. Randy Frame, "The Evangelical Closet," Christianity Today, 5 Nov. 1990, 56.
26. Trish Hall, "Gay Travelers Find More Places to Vacation," New York Times, 22 Aug. 1990, pt. B, p. 1.
27. Bettijane Levine, "A Declaration," Los Angeles Times, 14 March 1990, pt. E, p. 1.
28. CBS Evening News, 24 Jan. 1991.
29. Shepherd Smith and Anita Moreland Smith, Christians in the Age of AIDS (Wheaton, Illinois: Victor, 1990), 17.
30. Shepherd Smith, telephone interview with author, 15 Jan. 1990.
31. Ibid.
32. From a study by the Alan Guttmacher Institute, cited in "Sexual Activity Jumps Among Teens in 1980s," World, 17 Nov. 1990.
33. Smith, author interview.
34. Ibid.
35. Materials provided author by Americans for a Sound AIDS Policy, Jan. 1991.
36. National Conference on HIV '89, sponsored by Americans for a Sound AIDS Policy; brochure, p. 23.
37. Earl E. Shelp, Edwin R. DuBose and Ronald H. Sutherland, "AIDS and the Church: A Status Report," Christian Century, 4 Dec. 1990, 1135.
38. Smith and Smith, Christians in the Age of AIDS, 9.
Page 332
Chapter 8 — Nuclear Family Fission
1. Advertisement for Time magazine television special, Time, 8 Oct. 1990, 83.
2. George Barna, "The American Family and Church Ministry," news release from the Barna Research Group, 30 July 1990, 3.
3. "America in 21st Century: A Demographic Overview," Population Reference Bureau, 1989, 6.
4. Felicity Barringer, "Changes in U.S. Households: Single Parents Among Solitude," New York Times, 7 June 1991, pt. A, p. 1.
5. Philip Elmer-DeWitt, "The Changing Family: The Great Experiment," Time, Fall 1990 (Special Edition), 73.
6. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 66.
7. Robertson, New Millennium, 188-89.
8. Philip Elmer-DeWitt, "The Great Experiment," 73.
9. George L. Stelluto and Deborah P. Klein, "Compensation Trends Into the 21st Century," Monthly Labor Review, Feb. 1990, 38.
10. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 24, 26.
11. Howard V. Hayghe, "Family Members in the Work Force," Monthly Labor Review, March 1990, 14.
12. Jean Seligmann, "Variations on a Theme," Newsweek, Winter / Spring 1990 (Special Edition), 38.
13. Lynn Smith and Bob Sipchen, "2-Career Family Dilemma: Balancing Work and Home," Los Angeles Times, 12 Aug. 1990, pt. A. p. 1.
14. Dr. Joyce Brothers, "The New Man in the House," Los Angeles Times, 12 Aug. 1990, pt. E, p. 1.
15. Deirdre Fanning, "Fleeing the Office, and Its Distractions," New York Times, 12 Aug. 1990.
16. Barna, "Future Issues."
17. Gross and Scott, "Proceeding With Caution," 58.
18. Jack Balswick and Judith Balswick, "Adam and Even in America," in Christianity Today; reported in Evangelical Press News Service, 17 Aug. 1990, 10-11.
19. Felicity Barringer, "Census Report Shows a Rise in Child Care and Its Costs," New York Times, 16 Aug. 1990, pt. A, p. 12.
20. Amanda Bennett, "In Future, Many May Provide Day Care, Education, Aid With Sundry Social Issues," Wall Street Journal, 8 May 1989.
21. Robertson, New Millennium, 206.
22. Olson and Leonard, Ministry With Families in Flux, 41; Robertson, New Millennium, 187.
23 Olson and Leonard, Ministry with Families in Flux, 41; Robertson, New Millennium, 187.
24. Philip Elmer-DeWitt, "The Great Experiment," 74-75.
25. "Single Parent Poverty," Washington Times, 9 Nov. 1989, pt. F, p. 2.
26. "The New Untouchables," Newsweek, Winter/Spring 1990 (Special Edition), 48.
27. Jill Smolowe, "Last Call for Motherhood," Time, Fall 1990 (Special Edition), 76.
28. Ibid.
29. Olson and Leonard, Ministry With Families in Flux, 85.
Page 333
30. Balay, "Singles 'Mission Field.' "
31. Towns, Innovative Churches, 140-41.
32. Olson and Leonard, Ministry With Families in Flux, 109.
33. Darrell Turner, "Pa. Lawmaker Wants to Give Clergy Power to Divorce Couples," Religious News Service, 26 Nov. 1990.
34. Barna, "Future Issues."
35. The American Family Under Siege (Washington, D.C.: Family Research Council, 1989), 1.
36. Studies by Larry L Bumpass and Teresa Castro Martin, published in the journal Demography and reported in "Study Says Two Marriages of Three Will Fall Apart," World, 25 March 1989, 4.
37. Fay Angus, interview with author, 12 Dec. 1990.
38. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 72.
39. Gerber et al., Lifetrends, 38.
40. Gary B. Dixon, "Where Christian Education Is Going in the 90's," seminar presented at the Greater Los Angeles Sunday School Convention, Pasadena, Calif., 2 Nov. 1990.
41. Olson and Leonard, Ministry With Families in Flux, 139.
42. Marjorie Lee Chandler, "Foster Parents: Love to Spare," Focus on the Family, Aug. 1990, 3.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Smith and Smith, Christians in the Age of AIDS, 94.
46. Ken Dychtwald with Joe Flower, "The Third Age," New Age Journal, Jan. /Feb. 1989, 52.
47. Olson and Leonard, Ministry With Families in Flux, 170.
Chapter 9 — Educating Dick and Jane. Ramon and Natasha.
1. Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death, 146.
2. Ibid., 142-54.
3. Ibid., 143.
4. Josh Ozersky, "TV's Anti-Families: Married . . . With Malaise," Tikkun: A Bimonthly Jewish Critique of Politics, Culture & Society, Jan./Feb. 1991, 92.
5. Quoted in Toffler, Powershift, 367-68.
6. Quoted in Coates and Jarratt, "What Futurists Believe," 26.
7. Cited in James A. Mecklenburger, "The New Revolution," Business Week, (special advertising section), ED23, (no date).
8. Ibid., ED26.
9. See Ronald H. Nash, The Closing of the American Heart: What's Really Wrong With America's Schools (Dallas: Probe, 1990). Reviewed by David A. Horner, "Why Johnny Can't Think," World, 3 Nov. 1990, 15.
10. Jones, "Slouching Toward the Millennium," 8.
11. Susan Tifft, "Of, By and For — Whom?" time, 24 Sept. 1990, 95.
12. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 210.
13. Ibid., 215-16; Barna, "Future Issues."
14. "Enrollments Dip, Tuitions Rise," Christianity Today, 19 Nov. 1990, 52.
Page 334
15. Ibid., 211.
16. Jones, "Slouching Toward the Millennium"; Jerrold K. Footlick, "Decade of the Student," Newsweek, 10 Dec. 1990, 72; Andrea Stone and Carol Castaneda, "Help Wanted: Educated 'Lightning Rod,' " USA Today, 12 Dec. 1990.
17. John K. Urice, "The Next Century: The Impact of Social and Economic Trends on the Arts in Education," Design for Arts in Education, May / June 1989, 40.
18. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 198.
19. Footlick, "Decade of the Student,," 71.
20. Urice, "The Next Century," 37.
21. Gerber et al., Lifetrends, 56.
22. Ibid., 235-36.
23. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 25.
24. Quoted in Daniel Cattau, "Education: A Problem Could Be a Solution," Progressions, A Lilly Endowment Occasional Report 2, no. 1 (1990): 20.
25. Carol Elrod, "Church Historian Analyzes Causes of Mainline Church Malaise," Religious News Service, 15 Nov. 1988.
26. Tom Sine, telephone interview with author, 21 Aug. 1990.
27. James Davison Hunter, Evangelicalism: The Coming Generation (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987).
28. Elmer Towns, "The Changing Role of Leadership," audiotape of presentation at "Take Hold of the '90s," a conference in Ventura, Calif., sponsored by Gospel Light Publications, 1 May 1990.
29. Amy L. Serman, "Leaders Disagree on Future of the Church," Christianity Today, 21 April 1989, 42.
30. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 179.
31. James Davison Hunter, "Evangelical Schools in Growth, Catholic Schools in Decline," Wall Street Journal, 8 March 1988, 34.
32. Paul Kienel, telephone interview with author, 7 Jan. 1991.
33. Culled from various written and oral sources.
34. Judy Daubenmier, Associated Press, "Education: Up to a Million American Families Maintain Home-Schools Where Their Children Are Taught," Los Angeles Times (Bulldog Edition), 11 March 1990, pt. A, p. 27.
35. Pat Sikora, telephone interview with author, 7 Jan. 1991.
36. "In Silicon Valley, Home Schoolers Qualify for $1,000 Expense Accounts," World, 8 Dec. 1990, 8.
37. "Factors in Building Confidence," The Teaching Home, Oct./Nov. 1989, 54.
38. Personal Correspondence from the Sikoras, Dec. 1990.
39. Robertson, New Millennium, 175-76.
40. Richard N. Ostling, "Those Mainline Blues," Time, 22 May 1989, 95.
41. Martin Marty, Context, 15 Oct. 1989, 5.
42. Robert Lynn, telephone interview with author, 19 April 1989.
43. Pat Wingert, "Exploring Childhood: Author Robert Coles Studies Spirituality," Newsweek, 10 Dec. 1990, 74; Alvin P. Sanoff, "Childhood's Chronicler," U.S. News & World Report, 3 Dec. 1990, 66-69. Coles' eighth and last book in his series about children is The Spiritual Life of Children (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1990).
44. Cattau, "Education: A Problem Could Be a Solution," 21.
Page 335
45. Peter L. Benson, "In the '90s: The Educational Challenge," Alert, Aug. 1990, 4.
46. "Study Highlights Importance of Christian Education," Christianity Today, 23 April 1990, 49.
47. "Study Highlights Importance of Christian Education," 48-49; Benson, "In the '90s," 2-5.
Chapter 10 — Phantoms of Stage, Screen, and Canvas
1. Steven Lavaggi, interview with author, 4 Jan. 1991.
2. Edith Piczek and Isabel Piczek, interviews with author, 7 Jan. 1991.
3. Stephanie Allan, "Painging His Heart Out," Worldwide Challenge, Oct. 1988, 12-15.
4. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 68.
5. Ibid., 62-92.
6. Urice, "The Next Century," 36-37.
7. Ibid., 37.
8. Ibid., 39.
9. "Taking Aim at Art," Christianity Today, 18 June, 52; Doug Trouten "Religion in Review: 1990," Evangelical Press News Service, 21 Dec. 1990, 6.
10. I. Piczek, author interview.
11. Jerry Adler, "Truly Special Effects," Newsweek, 2 Oct. 1989. 45.
12. "Art as Transformation," UCLA Extension Bulletin, Jan. 1991.
13. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 87-88.
14. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 90-91; Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 87.
15. Lyle Schaller in a Washington address to Southern Baptist ministers, quoted in "Things They Said," World, 16 June 1990, 4.
16. Ray Waddle, "Bill Moyers: Television Must Focus on Search for Spirituality," Religious News Service, 23 April 1990; "Defining Spirituality Called Century's Top Story," Methodists Make News, A United Methodist Weekly News Summary, 20 April 1990.
17. Michael Josephson, "Journalism: In the Year 2000," Ethics: Easier Said Than Done, Joseph & Edna Josephson Institute (no date), 63.
18. Ibid.
19. "Interactive TV Makes the Viewer a Director," Connect, Quarterly Newsletter for Members of the Center for Media and Values, Spring 1990, 2.
20. Toffler, Powershift, 360-61.
21. Michael W. Miller, "The Second Century — Digital Revolution: Vast Changes Loom as Computers Digest Words, Sound, Images," Wall Street Journal, 7 June 1989.
22. Donald Kurt, telephone interview with author, 15 Dec. 1991.
23. Bret Easton Ellis, author of Less Than Zero, The Rules of Attraction, and American Psycho, in "The Twentysomethings: Adrift in a Pop Landscape," New York Times, Arts & Leisure, 2 Dec. 1990, Sec. 2, p. 1.
24. Paul Thigpen, "Cleaning Up Hollywood," Charisma, Dec. 1991, 42.
25. Ibid.
26. Jon Pareles, "Radical' Rap: Of Pride and Prejudice," New York Times, 16 Dec. 1990.
Page 336
27. Gross and Scott, "Proceeding With Caution," 62.
28. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 92.
29. Toffler, Powershift, 175.
30. Barna, "Future Issues."
31. Thomas B. Rosenstiel, "Media Study Finds 'Age of Indifference,' " Los Angeles Times, 28 June 1990, pt. A, p. 17; Richard Zoglin, "The Tuned-Out Generation," Time, 9 July 1990, 64.
32. Elizabeth Thoman, in "Interactive TV Makes the Viewer a Director," Connect, Quarterly Newsletter for Members of the Center for Media and Values, Spring 1990, 1.
33. Mel White, telephone interview with author, 12 Dec. 1991.
34. Ibid.
Chapter 11 — Cash Flows and Flaws
1. "The Second Century: Journal's Panelists Role Play to Gaze Into 21st Century" (Part of a Series on Future Issues and Trends published in the Journal's Centennial Year), Wall Street Journal, 23 June 1989.
2. Todd G. Buchholz, New Ideas From Dead Economists: An Introduction to Modern Economic Thought (New York: Penguin, 1990), ix, 279.
3. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 97.
4. Amanda Bennett, "The Second Century — Company School: As Pool of Skilled Help Tightens, Firms Move to Broaden Their Role," Wall Street Journal, 8 May 1989.
5. Janice Castro, "Get Set: Here They Come!" Time, Fall 1990 (Special Issue on Women), 50.
6. USA Snapshots, USA Today, 26 Nov. 1990.
7. Castro, "Get Set: Here They Come!," 50, 52; Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 226.
8. Barbara Rudolph, "Why Can't a Woman Manage More Like . . . a Woman?" Time, Fall 1990 (Special Edition), 53.
9. Buchholz, New Ideas From Dead Economists, 283.
10. Kiernan, Best Jobs for the Future, 60.
11. Ibid.
12. "Homelessness in America: A Summary," National Coalition for the Homeless, Feb. 1991, 3.
13. William E. Schmidt, "Detroit Priest Preaches Hope Through Job Training," New York Times, 1 Jan. 1991, pt. A, p. 1.
14. Ibid., pt. A., p. 7.
15. Sine, Wild Hope, 92.
16. Cited in Sine, Wild Hope, 41; Pear, "Rich Got Richer," 1.
17. Alan Murray, "Many Americans Fear U.S. Living Standards Have Stopped Rising," Wall Street Journal, 1 May 1989.
18. Ibid.
19. Sine, Wild Hope, 76.
20. Robertson, New Millennium, 251.
21. Ibid.
22. Gerber et al., Lifetrends, 16.
23. Gerber et al., Lifetrends, 74-76, 113-14.
Page 337
24. Waldrop, You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 25.
25. Bennett, "The Second Century."
26. Mindy Fetterman and Martha T. Moore, "But Japan's Gain May Not Be USA's Loss," USA Today, 27 Nov. 1990, pt. A., p. 1.
27. Jones, "Slouching Toward the Millennium," 8.
28. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 36, 212.
29. Kiernan, "Best Jobs for the Future," 60.
30. Toffler, Powershift, 226.
31. Robert J. Tamasy, "Now What? What Surprises Will the 1990s Have in Store for the World of American Business?" Contact, Dec. 1989, 5.
32. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 172.
33. Toffler, Powershift, 179.
34. Castro, "Get Set: Here They Come!" 52.
35. David B. Bostian, Jr., "Paradigms for Prosperity: Economic and Political Trends for the 1990s and Early 21st Century," Futurist, July-Aug. 1990, 33.
36. William Bole, "Business Leaders Express Deep Concern Over Erosion of Ethics," Religious News Service, 12 Dec. 1990.
37. James M. Wall, "Scrambling for a Moral Vocabulary," Christian Century, 5 Dec. 1990, 1123.
38. Robertson, New Millennium, 244, 249.
39. Cited in Leonard Silk, "Why It's Too Soon to Predict Another Great Depression," New York Times, 11 Nov. 1990, Sec. 4, p. 1.
40. Ronald W. Blue, "Taking Stock of the Future," Contact, Dec. 1989, 15.
41. Toffler, Powershift, 447.
42. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 33-35.
43. Robertson, New Millennium, 246.
44. Silk, "Why It's Too Soon to Predict Another Great Depression," 1.
45. Robertson, New Millennium, 245-47, 261.
46. Coates and Jarratt, "What Futurists Believe," 23.
47. Henry Grunwald, "The Second American Century," Time, 8 Oct. 1990, 48, 50.
48. Grunwald, "The Second American Century," 46-51.
Chapter 12 — Political Spears? Or Plowshares?
1. Henry Grunwald, "The Second American Century," Time, 8 Oct. 1990, 50.
2. Coates and Jarratt, "What Futurists Believe," 23; Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 176.
3. Toffler, Powershift, 259, 244-45.
4. Ibid., 245.
5. Leighton Ford, "The End of History?" Leighton Ford Ministries Hopeline, 4, no. 4 (1990): 3.
6. Ibid.
7. Toffler, Powershift, 384-85.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., 386.
10. Oliver S. Thomas, telephone interview with author, 12 May 1989.
11. Toffler, Powershift, 331.
12. Sine, Wild Hope.
Page 338
13. Samuel L. Dunn, "Christianity's Future," The Futurist, March-April 1989, 34.
14. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 178, 180-81.
15. Thomas, author interview.
16. Rabbi Yechiel Eckstein, telephone interview with author, 18 April 1989.
17. Fred Clarkson, "HardCOR," Church & State, Jan. 1991, 9.
18. Ibid., 10-12.
19. Dunn, "Christianity's Future," 35.
20. Albert J. Menendez, "Traditional Patterns of Religious Groups Affirmed in '90s Vote," Religious News Service, 19 Nov. 1990; "Anti-Incumbent Mood Fizzles; Elections Bring Little Change," Evangelical Press News Service 39, no. 45 (1990): 1-3.
21. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 201-18.
22. Ibid., 218.
23. George Cornell, Associated Press, in "Church 'Elite' Divided on Social-Political Issues," World, 8 April 1989, 8.
24. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 219-21.
25. Ibid., 121; City University of New York survey, 1990, cited in David E. Anderson, "Survey Shows Americans a Religious People," United Press International, 3 April 1991.
26. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 224.
27. National & International Religion Report 5, no. 1 (1990): 4; Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 230.
28. Albert J. Menendez, "The Voters, Candidates and Religion in the 1990 Races," Religious News Service, 19 Nov. 1990.
29. Ibid.
30. Gerber et al., Lifetrends, 134, 138.
31. Ibid., 142-48.
32. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 89, 173-74, 177.
33. Ibid., 177, 179.
34. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 27.
35. Margaret Carlson, "It's Our Turn," Time, Fall 1990 (Special Edition), 16.
36. Waldrop, "You'll Know It's the 21st Century," 27.
37. Carson, "It's Our Turn," 16.
38. Quoted in Mindy Belz, "Is Reaganism Ready for the Archives?" World, 17 Nov. 1990, 8.
39. "Two-Party Structure Frustrates Many Voters," World, 17 Nov. 1990, 5.
40. Glenn Tinder, "Can We Be Good Without God?" The Atlantic Monthly, Dec. 1989, 69-70.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid, 82, 84-85.
43. Micah 4:3.
Chapter 13 — Mainliners and Sideliners
1. William McKinney, "From the Center to the Margins," Books & Religion, Winter 1989, 3; David Briggs, "Religion Struggles for Role in American Society," Associated Press series, "Unholy Wars: Religion in Public Life," no. 1, 17 Dec. 1990.
Page 339
2. Wade Clark Roof and William McKinney, American Mainline Religion: Its Changing Shape and Future (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1987).
3. Ibid. 6.
4. The Yearbook of Churches 1990 gave no new figures for the two major Orthodox churches with members in the United States. The last reported membership figure of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America, which includes Canada and Central America, was 1.9 million in 1977. The Orthodox Church in America, which includes Canada and is an offshoot of the Russian Orthodox Church, reported 1 million members in 1978. Other sources in 1989 projected a total U.S. membership of Eastern Orthodox churches at 4.5 million; Gary O'Guinn, "1990 Yearbook: Slow Drain from Mainline Churches Continues," Religious News Service, 11 Sept. 1990; "Religious Divisions in the U.S.," United Methodist Reporter, 14 April 1989.
5. Quoted in Gustav Spohn, "Authors Trace Mainline Protestant Decline to '60s and '70s," Religious News Service, 10 Jan. 1989.
6. From various editions of the Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches. The most recent available was for 1990, reflecting data for 1988.
7. Rodney Stark, telephone interview with author, 14 April 1989.
8. Mark Cutshall, "Looking Into the '90s," Everett (Wash.) Herald, 30 Dec. 1989, pt. C, p. 5: "United Methodist Snapshot," United Methodist Reporter, 4 Jan. 1991, 1; Ostling, "Those Mainline Blues," 95.
9. Yearbook of Churches 1990.
10. Lynn, author interview.
11. McKinney, "From the Center to the Margins," 3.
12. Thomas A. Stewart, "Turning Around the Lord's Business," Fortune, 25 Sept. 1989, 116.
13. Spohn, "Authors Trace Mainline Protestant Decline to '60s and '70s."
14. Jean Caffey Lyles, "The Fading of Denominational Distinctiveness," Progressions, Jan. 1990, 16-17.
15. National & International Religion Report 4, no. 23 (1990): 5.
16. "In This Issue," Joint Strategy and Action Committee Grapevine 20, no. 7 (1989): 1.
17. Ostling, "Those Mainline Blues," 94.
18. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 264.
19. "The Spiritual Health of the Episcopal Church," The Gallup Organization, Princeton, N.J., 1990, 8.
20. Alan Wisdom, "The Meaning Behind Membership Decline," Religion & Democracy, Nov. 1990, 7-8.
21. Ibid., 7.
22. David Briggs, Associated Press, "Presbyterians Look for Comeback," Washington Post, 23 June 1990, pt. B, p. 7.
23. National & International Religion Report, 19 Nov. 1990, 6-7.
24. "Group Calls for New Understanding Between Pentecostals, Mainline," Evangelical Press News Service, 23 Nov. 1990, 3-4.
25. Randall L. Frame, "They'd Rather Fight Than Switch," Christianity Today, 5 March 1990, 25-28.
26. Briggs, "Presbyterians Look for Comeback," 7; John C. Long, "Presbyterians: A New Look at an Old Church," Progressions, January 1990, 3.
Page 340
27. John Mulder, telephone interview with author, 24 April 1989.
28. Roof and McKinney, American Mainline Religion, 242.
29. McKinney, "From the Center to the Margins," 4.
30. Lyles, "Denominational Distinctiveness," 17.
31. Jackson Carroll, telephone interview with author, April 1989.
Chapter 14 — Frontliners and Headliners
1. John N. Vaughan, "North America's Fastest Growing Churches," Church Growth Today 5, no. 1 (1990): 1.
2. Juleen Turnage, telephone interview with author, 28 Feb. 1991.
3. Yearbook of Churches 1990.
4. Stark, author interview.
5. Vaughan, "North America's Fastest Growing Churches," 1.
6. Yearbook of Churches 1990.
7. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 93.
8. Ibid., 93-94.
9. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 279.
10. "Update on Action in American Churches," Religion & Democracy, Nov. 1990, 6.
11. Martin Marty, Context, 15 Aug. 1990, 2.
12. John Dart, "It's Not All in a Name for Some Churches," Los Angeles Times, 22 Dec. 1990, pt. S, p. 1.
13. John N. Vaughan, telephone interview with author, 3 May 1989.
14. Ibid.
15. Stewart, "Turning Around the Lord's Business," 128.
16. Lyle E. Schaller, "Megachurch!" Christianity Today, 5 March 1990, 20.
17. Jim Dethmer, telephone interview with author, 14 Jan. 1991.
18. Stewart, "Turning Around the Lord's Business, 128.
19. Lyle E. Schaller, telephone interview with author, 17 April 1989.
20. Schaller, "Megachurch!" 20-21.
21. Ibid., 24.
22. Ibid., 3.
23. Tom Sine, telephone interview with author, 11 April 1989.
24. Quoted in "Passing It On: Will Our Kids Recognize Our Faith?" World, 11 March 1989, 5-6.
25. "Study Finds Little Difference in Behavior of Born-Again Christians," Evangelical Press News Service, 21 Sept. 1990, 9.
26. Symposium, "Strategies of the 1990s," hosted by Gospel Light Publications, Pasadena, Calif., 18 May 1989.
Chapter 15 — Roamin' Catholics
1. Russell Chandler, "Filling the 'Priestless Parishes,' " Los Angeles Times, 16 Dec. 1989, pt A, p. 1.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
Page 341
5. Ibid.; Yearbook(s) of American and Canadian Churches, Roof and McKinney, American Mainline Religion, 15.
6. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 288; in Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 126. The figure for charismatic Catholics is only 4 percent. Naisbitt's source for 20 percent is the National Catholic Renewal Center, South Bend, Indiana.
7. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 93 (13 percent); George Gallup, Jr., and Sarah Jones, 100 Questions & Answers: Religion in America (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Religion Research Center, 1989), 167 (21 percent).
8. Chandler, "Analysts See Evangelical Growth," 1.
9. Roof and McKinney, American Mainline Religion, 237.
10. David Briggs, "Religion Struggles for Role in American Society."
12. Roberto Suro, "Switch by Hispanic Catholics Changes Face of U.S. Religion," New York Times, 14 May 1989, pt. A., p. 1.
13. Suro, "Switch by Hispanic Catholics," 1.
14. Anderson, "Survey Shows Americans a Religious People."
15. "Catholic Archbishop Says Evangelicals Lure Hispanics," Evangelical Press News Service, 23 June 1989. 7.
16. Lynn Smith and Russell Chandler, "Catholics, Evangelical Christians Battle for Latinos' Souls," Los Angeles Times, 2 Dec. 1989, pt. F, p. 18.
17. Gallup and Castelli, The People's Religion, 33.
18. Russell Chandler, "Flock Runs Short of Shepherds," Los Angeles Times, 1 March 1989, pt. A, p. 1; Russell Chandler, "Striving to Serve God and Family," Los Angeles Times, 19 Sept. 1990, pt. A. p. 1.
20. Chandler, "Flock Runs Short," 1.
21. "Survey of 'Thirtysomething' Priests Finds High Job Satisfaction and Happiness — But Most Would Opt Out of Rectory Life," National Catholic Educational Association news release, 18 March 1991; George Cornell, "Catholic Priests Found Happier Than Believed," Associated Press, 11 March 1991.
22. Chandler, "Striving to Serve God and Family," 1.
23. Russell Chandler, "Mahony Faces Challenge as Priestly Ranks Thin," Los Angeles Times, 2 March 1989, pt. A, p. 1.
24. Elizabeth Bookser Barkley, "Indianapolis's Urban Parishes Work Together," St. Anthony Messenger, Nov. 1990, 14-19.
25. Chandler, "Filling the 'Priestless Parishes.' "
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid; Gallup and Jones, 100 Questions & Answers, 91.
28. Jane Redmont, "Future Challenges to American Catholicism," Progressions, A Lilly Endowment Occasional Report 1, no. 2 (1989): 21.
29. Gallup and Castelli, The People's Religion, 99.
30. Gallup and Jones, 100 Questions & Answers, 67.
31 "The Essence of Parish-Connected Catholics," Progressions, June 1989, 5.
32. Terry McGuire, "Role of Women Will Be Major Church Issue, Says Theologian," Progress (weekly paper of the Archdiocese of Seattle), 5 July 1990, 11.
Page 342
33. Father Andrew Greeley, telephone interview with author, 18 April 1989.
34. John Wolcott, "Magnet' Parishes Draw Catholics from Afar," Progress (weekly newspaper of the Archdiocese of Seattle), 5 July 1990, 1.
35. Jeffrey Hadden, telephone interview with author, 12 April 1989.
36. Brochure, The Education Foundation, "An alliance for quality education for disadvantaged students and inner-city schools," Los Angeles, Calif., 1990.
37. "Eying Big Bucks, Catholics Knock Public Schools," World, 9 Feb. 1991, 16.
38. Greeley, author interview.
39. Sister Sharon Euart, telephone interview with author, 19 April 1989.
40. Father Rosendo Urrabazo, CMF, telephone interview with author, 19 April 1989.
Chapter 16 — Blacks to the Future
1. Paul Thigpen, "The New Black Charismatics," Charisma & Christian Life, Nov. 1990, 58-59.
2. Richard N. Ostling, "Strains on the Heart," Time, 19 Nov. 1990, 88-90.
3. C. Eric Lincoln and Lawrence H. Mamiya, The Black Church in the African American Experience (Duke Univ. Press, 1990).
4. Roof and McKinney, American Mainline Religion, 232.
5. Ostling, "Strains on the Heart."
6. Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches 1987, Publication of the National Council of Churches, ed. Constant H. Jacquet, Jr. (Nashville: Abingdon), 244-45.
7. Ibid., 240-41.
8. Yearbook of Churches 1990.
9. Ostling, "Strains on the Heart," 88
10. John Vaughan, "Megamyths," Christianity Today, 5 March 1990, 24.
11. Thigpen, "The New Black Charismatics," 59.
12. "Black Churches Now Among Top 15 Fastest-Growing Congregations," Religious News Service, 10 May 1991.
13. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 122.
14. Roof and McKinney, American Mainline Religion, 90.
15. Quoted in Jane Redmont, "Communities of Service, Families of Faith," Progressions, A Lilly Endowment Occasional Report 3, no. 1 (1991): 15-16.
16. William Pannell, telephone interview with author, 12 Sept. 1990.
17. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 122.
18. Ibid., 33, 97, 122-24, 260, 262; Roof and McKinney, American Mainline Religion, 91, 100-01; Gallup and Jones, 100 Questions & Answers, 4, 6, 8, 10, 38, 72-74, 140, 162, 170, 176-77, 182-83; Russell Chandler, "Survey: A New Poll Also Finds that Blacks Are More Often Involved in Religion than Are the County's Whites and Latinos, " Los Angeles Times, 15 Sept. 1990, pt. F, p. 16.
19. Ostling, "Strains on the Heart," 88.
20. Robert Franklin, telephone interview with author, 20 April 1989.
21. C. Eric Lincoln, telephone interview with author, 21 April 1989.
22. Redmont, "Communities of Service, Families of Faith," 16.
23. Ostling, "Strains on the Heart," 89.
24. Lincoln, author interview.
25. Ibid.
Page 343
26. Yearbook of Churches 1990.
27. Ostling, "Strains on the Heart," 89.
28. Lincoln, author interview.
29. Ostling, "Strains on the Heart," 90.
30. Anthony Evans, "Alternative Philosophy," audiotape, Focus on the Family, 1989.
31. Thigpen, "The New Black Charismatics," 67.
Chapter 17 — Muslims, Jews, Mormons, and More
1. Michael Youssef, America, Oil, and the Islamic Mind (Grand Rapids, Mich." Zondervan, 1991), 49-50.
2. "Religion in Review: 1990," Evangelical Press News Service 39, no. 51 (1990): 4; Youssef, America, Oil, and the Islamic Mind, 28.
3. George Cornell, "Moslems Begin Edging into Interreligious Mainstream," Associated Press, 12 Oct. 1990.
4. Youssef, America, Oil, and the Islamic Mind, 28.
5. Lincoln, author interview.
6. Ibid.
7. David Dolan, quoted in "American Christians Lack Information Needed to Understand Roots of Gulf Crisis," Evangelical Press News Service 40, no. 7 (1991): 3.
8. "Jews and Christians Urge Respect for Muslims," Religion in American Life news release, Princeton, N.J., 1 March 1991.
9. Jonathan Farna, telephone interview with author, 24 April 1989.
10. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 116.
11. Yearbook of Churches 1990, 75 (1988 figures); Yearbook of Churches 1989, 75 (1987 figures).
12. Eckstein, author interview.
13. Kenneth L. Woodward, "A Time to Seek," Newsweek, 17 Dec. 1990, 54.
14. "News From the Committee," The American Jewish Committee, New York, news release, 18 Feb. 1991, 3.
15. Eckstein, author interview.
16. Paul Wilkes, "The Hands That Would Shape Our Souls," The Atlantic Monthly, Dec. 1990, 70-71.
17. Ann Levin, Associated Press, "It's Kosher to Be Kosher Again," Los Angeles Times, 15 Dec. 1990, pt. F, p. 16.
18. Woodward, "A Time to Seek," 52.
19. Jerry Cahill, telephone interview with author, 1 March 1991.
20. Timothy J. Chandler, Christian Science and Mormonism: Two Alternative Worldviews in American Religion, manuscript delivered at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., 23 March 1991, 2.
21. Ibid., 16.
22. Roof and McKinney, American Mainline Religion, 98.
23. Yearbook of Churches 1987, 73; Yearbook of Churches 1990, 75.
24. Sine, Wild Hope, 174.
25. "Religious Division in the U.S.," United Methodist Reporter, 14 April 1989. The 500,000 figure squares with the City University of New York survey in 1990.
26. Ibid., Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 276-77.
Page 344
27. Sine, Wild Hope, 174
28. Office of Public Information, Baha'i International Community, New York; Baha'i Public Information Service of Los Angeles, 3 Jan. 1991.
Chapter 18 — Alternative Altars
1. Robert S. Ellwood, Jr. Alternative Altars: Unconventional and Eastern Spirituality in America (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press 1979). Permission granted by Ellwood 13 March 1991 to use "Alternative Altars" as part of the title of this chapter, "Alternative Altars: Next-age Faiths."
2. Hadden, author interview.
3. "Defining Spirituality Called Century's Top Story," Methodists Make News, A United Methodist weekly news summary, 20 April 1990, 1.
4. Steve Turner, "Lean, Green, & Meaningless," Christianity Today; 24 Sept. 1990, 26-27.
5. Ibid.
6. See Russell Chandler, Understanding the New Age (Dallas: Word, 1988).
7. Hadden, author interview.
8. Gallup and Castelli, People's Religion, 136, 133. The apparent discrepancy between the Gallup findings and the City University of New York survey, which found that 90 percent of American adults identified with some form of religion, can be explained by the way the CUNY poll was conducted. That survey did not attempt to define faith or degree of practice; no questions were asked about church attendance, baptisms, financial contributions, or membership. The Gallup polls in 1978 and 1988 defined "unchurched" as those who said they were not members of any church or synagogue and had not attended a church or synagogue in the week before being interviewed. Many in this group considered themselves "religious," however.
9. Roof and McKinney, American Mainline Religion, 242.
10. Ibid., 181.
11. Gallup and Jones, 100 Questions & Answers, 76, 77, 178-79.
12. Steven Tipton, telephone interview with author, 18 April 1989.
13. Russell Chandler, "The Challenge is Acute; the Fields Ripe," Evangelical Beacon, 8 Jan. 1990, 10.
14. George Cornell, "Baptist Futurist Sees Fluid Religious Atmosphere Ahead," Associated Press, 4 May 1990.
15. Woodward, "A Time to Seek," 55.
16. Cornell, "Baptist Futurist Sees Fluid Religious Atmosphere Ahead."
17. Richard Ciminoi, "United Church of Christ Spirituality Incorporates Mystical Forms," Religious News Service, 11 April 1989.
18. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 141.
19. Steve Turner, "Lean, Green, & Meaningless," 27.
20. Lawrence E. Adams, "The Greening of the Spirit," Religion & Democracy, Jan. 1991 (reprint).
21. "Despite the Great Return, All the Pews Aren't Full," Newsweek, 17 Dec. 1990, 54.
22. Victoria Balfour, "John Bradshaw," People's Weekly, 28 May 1990, 73-74.
23. Robert L. Randall, "The Road Peck Travels," Christian Century, 21-28 Nov. 1990, 1101-02.
Page 345
24. John Wimber, "Facing the '90s," Equipping the Saints, Summer 1989, 21-22.
25. Woodward, "A Time to Seek," 56.
26. Kate Anders Marlin, "The Underground Ecumenist," Christian Century, 22-29 August 1990, 757.
27. Ad from "The Shapes of the Spirit, Inc." P.O. Box 83939, San Diego, Calif., March 1990.
28. Marlin, "The Underground Ecumenist," 757.
29. David Neff, "Suckers for the Zodiac," Christianity Today, 15 July 1988, 15.
30. R.C. Sproul, "Faith and Astrology: Understanding Our Futures," Eternity, Sept. 1988, 84.
31. Irving Hexham and Karla Poewe-Hexham, "The Soul of the New Age," Christianity Today, 2 Sept. 1988, 21.
32. Andrew Miles, O.S.B., "The New Age Movement and Christianity," Chariscenter USA Newsletter 13, no. 8 (1988): 2-3.
33. Ken Bailey, "Crisis in Middle East," Thesis Theological Cassettes, audiotape, 1988.
34. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 121, 146.
35. Hadden, author interview.
Chapter 19 — Clashing Cosmologies
1. This chapter is an adaptation and expansion of a paper delivered by Russell Chandler, "Discerning Worldviews: Understanding the New Age," at the 41st annual meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society, San Diego, Calif., 17 Nov. 1989.
2. USA Today, 15 Nov. 1988, pt. A, p. 1.
3. David A. Reed, "Star Trek V Blasts 'God,' " Gospel Truth newsletter II, no. 3 (1989): 1.
4. "Witch Addresses San Francisco Seminary," Presbyterian Layman 22, no. 4 (1989): 1.
5. William M. Alnor, "Controversy Over Witchcraft Liturgy in Methodist Church Continues," Christian Research Journal, Winter 1991, 6.
6. Lewis Thomas, "Beyond the Moon's Horizon — Our Home," New York Times, 15 July 1989, pt. A. p. 25.
7. Jeremy P. Tarcher, "Here's to the End of 'New Age' Publishing," Publishers Weekly, 8 Nov. 1989, 36. Emphasis added.
8. Ibid.
9. Will Nixon, "The Flight from New Age," Publishers Weekly, 7 Dec. 1990, 21-32.
10. Don Lattin, "Mythologist's Sudden New Appeal," San Francisco Chronicle, 15 Aug. 1988, pt. A, p. 4.
11. Douglas Groothuis, "Myth and the Power of Joseph Campbell," Genesis, Summer 1988, 16.
12. Joseph Campbell with Bill Moyers, The Power of Myth (New York: Doubleday, 1988), 66.
13. Sine, Wild Hope, 126.
14. Sources unknown; cited in a textbook.
15. Chandler, Understanding the New Age, 26.
16. 1 Corinthians 1:21, 2:5.
Page 346
17. Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind (New York: Touchstone / Simon & Schuster, 1987).
18. Ibid., 25-26.
19. Reinhold Niebuhr, "Faith and Reason," Thesis Theological Cassettes audiotape, date unknown.
20. Campbell, Power of Myth, 31.
21. Groothuis, "Myth and the Power of Joseph Campbell," 20.
22. Brooks Alexander, "Back to the Garden," Spiritual Counterfeits Project Newsletter 13, no. 2 (1988): 6.
23. Ibid.
24. Quoted in Fergus M. Bordewich, "Colorado's Thriving Cults," New York Times Magazine, 1 May 1988, pt. 6, p. 37.
25. Donna Steichen, "Crystal Ball Catholicism: Welcome to the Wacko World of New Age Theology," Crisis, July-Aug. 1989, 21.
26. For a full presentation, see Russell Chandler, Understanding the New Age, especially Chapter 2, Prevalence of the New Age," 19-26.
27. Robert N. Bellah, interview with author, Berkeley, Calif., 25 Nov. 1987.
28. Genesis 1:26.
29. Soren Kierkegaard, Philosophical Fragments (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1962).
30. Steve Turner, "Lean, Green, and Meaningless," Christianity Today, 24 Sept. 1990, 27.
31. Norman R. Gulley, "The Function of the Cross as a Strategy to Assert the Biblical Worldview," a response paper to Russell Chandler's plenary session paper, "Discerning Worldviews: Understanding the New Age," at the 41st annual meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society, San Diego, Calif., 17 Nov. 1989.
32. Stan Gaede, "Like Sampson, Strong Outside, but Pussycats Before Delilah's Wiles," World, 11 March 1989, 5.
33. Ibid.
34. Timothy J. Chandler, class notes, fall 1988.
35. Groothuis, "Myth and the Power of Joseph Campbell," 17.
Chapter 20 — Shining the Pastoral Patina
1. Dethmer, author interview.
2. McKinney, "From the Center to the Margins," 28.
3. Carl F. George, "Church Trends in the '90s: Will We Survive?" Seminar at Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, Calif., 20 April 1989.
4. Richard Lee Olson, doctoral dissertation, cited in Schaller, "Megachurch!" 23.
5. Lynn, author interview.
6. Ibid.
7. Frank R. Tillapaugh, Unleashing the Church: Getting People Out of the Fortress and into Ministry (Ventura, Calif.: Regal, 1982), 118.
8. David Barrett, telephone interview with author, 19 April 1989.
9. George Barna, "The Challenge of the Church in the 90s," audiotape of talk presented at "Take Hold of the '90s" a conference in Ventura, Calif., sponsored by Gospel Light Publications, 3 May 1990.
Page 347
10. Data compiled from additional sources by James M. Shopshire, Dec. 1990, "New Faces in Theological Education," Christian Century, 6-13 Feb. 1991 142.
11. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 130-40; National & International Religion Report 3, no. 13 (1989): 8; Linda-Marie Delloff, "New Power for Women in the Church," Progressions, A Lilly Endowment Occasional Report 2, no. 1 (1990): 14.
12. Juanne N. Clarke and Grace Anderson, "A Study of Women in Ministry: God Calls, Man Chooses," Yearbook of Churches 1990.
13. Martin Marty, Context, 15 Aug. 1990, 4.
14. Robert Marquand, (untitled wire story), Christian Science Monitor, 16 May 1990.
15. Hadden, author interview.
16. George Barna, "Marketing the Church for the '90s"; Peter F. Drucker, "Developing Leadership to Take the Church into the 21st Century." Both were talks presented at "The 1990s: The Gateway into the 21st Century, Positioning the Christian Church for a New Era," a seminar in Ventura, Calif., 4-5 April 1989.
17. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 145.
18. Loren Mead, telephone interview with author, 13 April 1989.
19. Gustav Spohn, "Episcopal Clergy 'Confused, Uncertain' About Role, Report Says," Religious News Service, 23 Oct. 1989.
20. Ibid.
21. "It's Now OK to Admit Clergy Get Stressed Out, Too," Religious News Service, 11 Feb. 1991.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Alban Institute, cited in Hank Whittemore, "Ministers Under Stress," Parade Magazine, 14 April 1991, 6.
Chapter 21 — Making Dollars and Sense of Missions and Ministry
1. Gary O'Guinn, "Americans Miserly When Sizing Up the Preacher's Worth," Religious News Service, 17 Dec. 1990.
2. Cited in Hank Whittemore, "Ministers Under Stress," Parade Magazine, 14 April 1991, 5.
3. Spencer, author interview.
4. George Gallup, Jr., conversation with author, Los Angeles, 13 March 1990.
5. "Religious Faith: Firm Foundation for Charity," Christianity Today, 19 Nov. 1990, 63.
6. John Ronsvalle and Sylvia Ronsvalle, "Giving Trends and Their Implications for the 1990s," a paper presented at the North American Conference on Christian Philanthropy, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 24-27 Sept. 1990, 2.
7. Ibid., 1-6.
8. James Grant, The State of the World's Children 1989 (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989), 65.
9. Sylvia Ronsvalle, "Stewards into Consumers: Study Update Indicates Church Giving Down," news release from Empty Tomb, Inc., Champaign, Illinois, 10 Oct. 1990; David E. Anderson, "Study Finds Drop in Religious Giving," United Press International, 26 Oct. 1990.
Page 348
10. Engel, "We Are the World," 32.
11. Ibid., 32-33.
12. Cited in "Short-termers Increase," Marketplace Urbana, Winter 1991, 5.
13. Anderson, "Study Finds Drop in Religious Giving"; "Religious Faith," 63.
14. John Ronsvalle and Sylvia Ronsvalle, "The National Money for Missions Program," working draft, 13 Aug. 1990, 11.
15. "Religious Faith," 63.
16. Ibid.
17. "Money Magazine: High Marks to Religious Charities for Performance," Religious News Service, 26 Nov. 1990.
18. Barrett, author interview.
19. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 135.
20. Quoted in National & International Religion Report 4, no. 18 (1990): 3.
21. J. Lee Grady, "New Missions Strategies for a Rapidly Changing World: A Sampling of Trends and Developments in Global Evangelism," National & International Religion Report 5, no. 3, 28 Jan. 1991, 1.
22. Ostling, "Those Mainline Blues," 95.
23. David Stoll, "Evangelicals Envision the World Through Computers," Pacific News Service, 22 Aug. 1990.
24. Ibid.: Grady, "New Missions Strategies for a Rapidly Changing World," 1.
25. Grady, "New Missions Strategies for a Rapidly Changing World," 1.
26. Paul E. Pierson, "9 Trends for the 90s in World Missions," Latin America Evangelist, April-June 1990, 8.
27. Russell Chandler, "Freedom to Worship . . . and Make Money," Los Angeles Times, 1 Dec. 1990, pt. F, p. 16.
28. Viktor Reimer, Logos Biblical Training by Extension, correspondence with author, March 1991.
29. Bill Greig, "The Soviet Opportunity," GLINT Focus, Winter 1991, 2.
30. Barna, Frog in the Kettle, 144.
31. "The Hottest Product Is Brand X," Fortune, 25 Sept. 1989, 128.
Chapter 22 — Goal Setting
1. Carroll, author interview.
2. Sine, author interview.
3. "ELCA Synods Seek Inclusiveness," news release, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, 10 May 1990, 1-2.
4. Herbert W. Chilstrom, telephone interview with author, 19 April 1989.
5. "Church Council Adopts Mission 90," news release, ELCA, 19 April 1989, 2-3.
6. "Call to Mission in the '90s for the ELCA," working paper, 1989, 3-6.
7. Chilstrom, author interview.
8. David Briggs, "Liberals, Conservatives Battle for the High Ground," Associated Press series "Unholy Wars: Religion in Public Life," no. I, 19 Dec. 1990; Carolyn Lewis, telephone interview with author, 28 March 1991.
9. "Church Guides Corporate America," news release, ELCA, 14 Feb. 1991.
10. "ELCA Synods Seek Inclusiveness," news release, ELCA, 10 May 1990.
Page 349
11. Jean Caffey Lyles, "Lutheran Meeting Highlights Goal of Outreach to Ethnic Minorities," Religious News Service, 7 July 1989.
12. Richard Walker, Reuter, "U.S. Lutheran Church Cuts Spending to Cope With Deficit," 17 March 1991.
13. "ELCA Income Short of Budget," news release, ELCA, 12 March 1991, 2.
Chapter 23 — Drug Busting
1. DarEll T. Weist, telephone interview with author, 22 Aug. 1989.
2. "Ministry Strategy in the Los Angeles District for the 21st Century," United Methodist Reporter, 19 May 1989, 4.
3. Russell Chandler, "Churches Take Up Drug Fight," Los Angeles Times, 6 July 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
4. Kim A. Lawton, "Churches Enlist in the War on Drugs," Christianity Today, 11 Feb. 1991, 44-45.
5. Robert Lear, "1990: United Methodist Events Spanned the Global Parish, United Methodist Reporter, 14 Jan 1991.
6. Chandler, "Churches Take Up Drug Fight," 1.
7. Ibid.
8. Lawton, "Churches Enlist int he War on Drugs," 49.
9. Sarah J. Vilankulu, "Churches Uniting Against Drugs," Christian Century, 14 Nov. 1990, 1052-53.
10. Chandler, "Churches Take Up Drug Fight."
11. Lawton, "Churches Enlist in the War on Drugs," 44.
Chapter 24 — Perimeters and Satellites
1. Harry D. Williams, "Churches Must Offer Newer Options," California Southern Baptist, 17 May 1990, 6.
2. Elmer L. Towns, brochure from Church Growth Institute, Lynchburg, Va., 1991.
3. Yearbook of Churches 1990 and 1991, (1990) 89; (1991) 263.
4. Ibid.
5. Charles Dunahoo, interview with author, 4 April 1989.
6. Charles Dunahoo, telephone interviews with author, 20 April 1989 and 28 March 1991.
7. Towns, Innovative Churches, 90.
8. From a conversation Randy Pope had with John Haggai, cited in ibid, 91.
9. Ibid., 95-96.
10. Ibid., 239.
11. Ibid., 241-42.
12. Ibid., 243.
13. Ibid., 102.
14. Williams, "Churches Must Offer Newer Options," 6.
15. Ibid.
16. Towns, Innovative Churches, 251.
17. Ibid., 256.
Page 350
Chapter 25 — Willow Creek Community Church
1. This chapter is adapted and expanded from Russell Chandler, "Customer' Poll Shapes a Church," Los Angeles Times, 11 Dec. 1989, pt. A. p. 1.
2. "The Ten Largest Churches," Christianity Today, 5 March 1990, 22.
3. Rob Shearer, interview with author, 14 Feb. 1991; "A Day in the Life, 5:41 p.m.," Willow Creek 1 (1989): 26.
4. Correspondence with author, 14 Feb. 1991.
5. "April in Paris" International Pastors Conference, Willow Creek 1, no. 4 (1990): 9; Rob Wilkins, "Casting a Vision," Willow Creek 1, no. 6 (1990): 13.
6. Schaller, author interview.
7. Quoted in Tom Valeo, "The Drama of Willow Creek," Daily Herald, 19 May 1988, pt. 9, p. 4.
8. Marie Buscaglia, "How the Church Spends Money," Willow Creek 2, no. 2 (1990): 8.
9. Schaller, "Megachurch!" 22.
10. Barna, "Marketing the Church for the '90s."
11. Timm Boyle, "Three More for the Team," Willow Creek 2, no. 1 (1990): 7.
12. "2001, A Willow Creek Odyssey," Willow Creek 2, no. 2 (1990): 7.
13. Dethmer, author interview.
14. Bill Hybels, interview with author, 28 April 1989.
15. Fliers, Horizons Community Church, P.O. Box 1413, Glendora, Calif. 91740, John Ortberg, Jr., senior pastor, March 1991.
16. "Inside Notes," Willow Creek 1, no. 6 (1990): 10.
17. Anthony B. Robinson, "Learning From Willow Creek Church," Christian Century, 23 Jan. 1991, 69.
18. Hybels, author interview.
Chapter 26 — All Saints Episcopal Church
1. This chapter is adapted and expanded from Russell Chandler, "Keeping the Faith at the Battlefront: Liberalism Combined With Creative Worship Has Resulted in Unusual Gains for All Saints Episcopal Church in Pasadena," Los Angeles Times, 12 Dec. 1989, pt. B, p. 1.
2. George F. Regas, interview with author, 20 April 1989.
3. Robert Franklin, telephone interview with author, 20 April 1989.
4. Donald E. Miller, "Bucking a Powerful Trend," All Saints Church Every Member Canvass '90.
5. Donald E. Miller, "Liberal Church Growth: A Case Study," a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, Salt Lake City, Utah, 27-29 Oct. 1989, 12.
6. Voice, All Saints Church Pro-Choice Newsletter, Feb. 1991; Bulletin, All Saints Church, 24 Feb. 1991.
7. Bulletin, All Saints Church, 24 Feb. 1991.
8. Bulletin, All Saints Church, 24 March 1991.
9. George F. Regas, "God, Sex and Justice," a sermon preached at All Saints Episcopal Church, Pasadena, Calif., 11 Nov. 1990.
10. Bulletin, All Saints Church, 17 Feb. 1991.
11. Miller, "Liberal Church Growth: A Case Study," 18.
Page 351
12. George F. Regas, Correspondence to author, 13 Feb. 1991.
13. Quoted in Anthony B. Robinson, "Learning From Willow Creek," Christian Century, 223 Jan. 1991, 70.
Chapter 27 — St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Church
1. This chapter is adapted and expanded from Russell Chandler, "Pastor Takes Dual Role as Spiritual Leader, Activist: Baldwin Park Parish Reflects Efforts to Keep Church Growing and Relevant, Improving Lives and Community," Los Angeles Times, 21 Oct. 1989, pt. B, p. 6.
2. Peter D. Nugent, interview with author, 13 July 1989.
3. Donald Wuerl, "Toward the Year 2000: Priests and the Laity," address at Mary Immaculate Seminary, Northampton, Pa., 8 March 1990.
4. Hemrick, author interview.
5. Frank Sotomayor, "State Shows 69.2% Rise in Latino Population," Los Angeles Times, Nuestro Tiempo section, 28 March 1991, 1.
6. Jane Redmont, "Communities of Service, Families of Faith." Progressions, A Lilly Endowment Occasional Report 3, no. 1 (1991): 14.
7. Jim Castelli, "The Church's Local Incarnation Thrives," Progressions, A Lilly Endowment Occasional Report 1, no. 2 (1989): 5-6.
8. Ibid., 6.
9. Ibid.
Chapter 28 — True Vine Missionary Baptist Church
1. Mark Wingfield, "Oakland Church Forced to Postpone Revival"; Cameron Crabtree, "Church Runs Drug Dealers off Large Housing Project," both in California Southern Baptist, 29 March 1990, 1.
2. Newton Carey and Sallie Carey, interviews with author, Oakland, Calif., 28 Nov. 1990.
3. Here's Hope: Jesus Cares for You, New International Version New Testament (Nashville: Holman, 1988).
4. Denise Williams, "We Are About Winning People to Jesus!" a contribution submitted in 1990 to Newton Carey, Jr., pastor, True Vine Missionary Baptist Church, Oakland, Calif., for inclusion by the Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Convention in its book on Discipleship Training in Black Churches.
5. Ibid., 2-3.
6. Crabtree, "Church runs Drug Dealers off Large Housing Project."
7. Carey and Carey, author interviews.
8. Williams, "We Are About Winning People to Jesus!" 6.
9. John Wierick, "Make-over in Motown," Signs of the Times, Jan. 1991, 16 (reprinted by permission of World Vision magazine).
10. God, Help Me Stop: Break Free From Addiction and Compulsion (Glen Ellyn, Ill., New Life Ministries). P.O. Box 343, Glen Ellyn, Ill. 60138. (312) 858-7878.
Chapter 29 — Vineyard Christian Fellowship
1. This chapter is adapted and expanded from Russell Chandler, "Vineyard Fellowship Finds Groundswell of Followers: John Wimber's Merging of Supernatural Power and Biblical Prophecy Has Led to a 'Boom Church,' " Los Angeles Times, 5 Oct. 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
Page 352
2. National & International Religion Report 5, no. 223 (1991): 4.
3. John Wimber, interview with author, Santa Monica, Calif., 30 Aug. 1990.
4. C. Peter Wagner, The Third Wave of the Holy Spirit: Encountering the Power of Signs and Wonders Today (Ann Arbor, Mich.: Servant, 1988).
5. Les Parrott III and Robin D. Perrin, "The New Denominations," Christianity Today, 31; Robin D. Perrin and Armand L. Mauss, "Saints and Seekers: Sources of Recruitment to a New Evangelical Movement," a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, Salt Lake City, Utah, 27 Oct. 1989.
6. Anthony B. Robinson, "Learning From Willow Creek Church," Christian Century, 23 Jan. 1991, 69.
7. Richard Spencer, interview with author, Los Angeles, Calif., 4 Sept. 1990.
8. Ben Patterson, "Cause for Concern," Christianity Today, 8 Aug. 1986, 20.
9. Lewis B. Smedes, ed., Ministry and the Miraculous: A Case Study at Fuller Theological Seminary (Pasadena, Calif.: Fuller Theological Seminary, 1987), 76.
10. Kenn Gulliksen, interview with author, Anaheim, Calif., 29 Aug. 1990.
11. Parrott and Perrin, "The New Denominations," 32.
12. National & International Religion Report 5, no. 5 (1991): 4-5.
13. Kevin Springer, interview with author, Anaheim, Calif., 29 Aug. 1990.
14. Parrot and Perrin, "The New Denominations," 33.
15. Ibid.
Chapter 30 — Other Models, Strategies, and Assessments
1. Win Arn, telephone interview with author, 3 May 1989.
2. Towns, Innovative Churches, 202.
3. Towns, "Changing Role of Leadership."
4. George Gallup, Jr., "Shape of Religion in the '90s," talk at the University Club, Los Angeles, Calif., 13 March 1990.
5. Towns, Innovative Churches, 76, 78, 84.
6. Ibid., 80.
7. Ibid, 81.
8. Ibid., 86.
9. Randy Knutson, telephone interview with author, 22 Nov. 1989; Chandler, "The Challenge Is Acute," 11.
10. Spiritual Gifts Inventory materials, Church Growth Institute, P.O. Box 4404 Lynchburg, Va. 24504, copyright 1986.
11. Olson and Leonard, Ministry With Families in Flux, 132-33.
12. Ibid., 134-35.
13. "Christian Group Holds Symposium on Dealing With Disabled Employees," Evangelical Press News Service, 8 March 1991, 9.
14. Successful Churches: What They Have in Common (Glendale, Calif.: Barna Research Group, 1990).
15. Ibid.
16. John Gallagher, Jesus Doesn't Live in Brooklyn (New York: copyright by Bill Wilson, 1989), 76.
17. "Metro Variety," video recording, 1990.
Page 353
18. Judith Hill, "Not an Ordinary Farm," Princeton Theological Seminary Alumni/ae News, Winter 1991, 7-8.
19. Jon Trott, correspondence with author, 15 Jan. 1991.
20. Material sent author by Jesus People USA, Jan. 1991.
21. Associated Press, "Large Turnout Expected at a Christian Rock Fest," Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail, 1 July 1987, pt. A, p. 3.
22. Material sent author by Jesus People USA, Jan. 1991.
23. John C. Long, "Three Congregations Discover Their Mission," Progressions, A Lilly Endowment Occasional Report 3, no. 1 (1991): 7-8, 10.
24. Ibid., 10.
25. Towns, Innovative Churches, 15.
26. Doug Murren, The Baby Boomerang: Catching Baby Boomers as They Return to Church (Ventura, Calif.: Regal, 1990), 189.
27. Ibid., 192.
28. Patricia Moir, "Entertainment Leads the Way," Bellevue, Wash., Journal American, 9 Dec. 1990, pt. A, p. 1.
29. Lorie Lund and Colin Lund, conversations with author, Woodinville, Wash., 20-22 Dec. 1990.
30. Jack W. Hayford, correspondence with author 12 Sept. 1991.
Chapter 31 — Anticipating the Next Age
1. Toffler, Powershift, xix.
2. Lance Morrow, "Old Paradigm, New Paradigm," Time, 14 Jan. 1991, 65.
3. Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death, 139-40.
4. Ibid., vii.
5. Ibid., 138, 155-56.
6. Ibid., 163.
7. Morrow, "Old Paradigm, New Paradigm," 65.
8. Barbara Osborn, "Altered States: How Television Changes Childhood and Challenges Parents, an interview with Joshua Meyrowitz," Media&Values, Fall 1990/Winter 1991, 2.
9. Center for Media and Values, 1962 South Shenandoah, Los Angeles, Calif. 90034. (310) 559-2944.
10. Alan Jiggins, Human Future? Living as Christians in a High-Tech World (London: Scripture Union, 1988), 9, 19, 58.
11. David E. Sanger, "For a Job Well Done, Japanese Honor the Chip," New York times, 11 Dec. 1990, pt. B, p. 1.
12. Willard Gaylin, "Fooling With Mother Nature," Hastings Center Report 20, no. 1 (1990): 20-21.
13. Martin Marty, "Women Make a Difference," and "Open for Debate," Context, 15 Aug. 1990. 4.
14. James U. McNeal, "From Savers to Spenders: How Children Became a Consumer Market," Media&Values, Fall 1990/ Winter 1991, 7.
16. McNeal, "From Savers to Spenders," 5.
17. Center for Media and Values. (See note 9 above.)
18. "Churches Die With Dignity," Christianity Today, 14. 1991, 69.
Page 354
19. Donald E. Miller, "Liberal Church Growth: A Case Study," a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, Salt Lake City, Utah, Oct. 1989, 23-27.
20. "Christian Leaders Call for End to Anti-Christian Bigotry," Evangelical Press News Service, 15 March 1991, 1.
21. Cited in Martin Marty, "Why Is Everybody Always Picking on Evangelicals," Context 23, no. 6 (1991): 1-3.
22. Ibid., 3.
23. Quoted in George W. Cornell, Associated Press, "Most Americans Identify With Christian Faiths," Los Angeles Times, 13 April 1991, pt. F, p. 15; David E. Anderson "Survey Shows Americans a Religious People," 3 April 1991.
24. George Gallup, Jr. speech made to the board of directors of Religion in American Life, 9 June 1988; excerpted in "People's Religion — America's Faith in the '90s," Joint Strategy and Action Committee Grapevine 20, no. 7 (1989): np.
25. Cited in Morrow, "Old Paradigm, New Paradigm," 66.
26. Buchholz, New Ideas From Dead Economists, 287.
27. Ephesians 6: 11-14, New English Bible (New York: Oxford Univ. Press and Cambridge Univ. Press 1970).
